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Limiting Resolution
This describes the performance of an optical system how many small elements are separately visible. The limiting resolution can be determined by just looking on a spatially and sinusoidally modulated signal. The spatial frequency where the signal is still perceived as modulated signal is given. The modulation factor at this frequency is typically 5%. Assuming that the MTF and the LSF are Gaussian functions, the FWHM of the LSF and the limiting resolution RL are related.
FWHM = 0.92 / RL
LSF
The Line Spread Function is the profile of a very thin line transmitted trough an optical system.
Luminous Gain
This characterizes the perceived gain of an electro-optical system. Input and output signals are measured according the spectral eye sensitivity. Typically a black body radiator with defined temperature is used to illuminate the system. An additional IR filter might be used. The output signal is measured with a lux meter.